Librarians, researchers, journalists, teachers and students are continually confronted with what can be described as a kind of information miasma when using online sites, databases, resources, images and social media. No sector or discipline is immune to misinformation, disinformation, hoaxes, lack of data quality, and biased research. This guide highlights actionable resources to evaluate and identify online malfeasance, as well as sources to verify information and data quality that is critical to our professions. These two efforts often intersect, and require vigilance and continuing education respective to effectively confronting the challenges they present.
6 Signs of Credible Sources: Do Unreliable Websites Sabotage Your Research by Jack Milgram
https://custom-writing.org/blog/time-out-for-your-brain/31220.html
ABCs of Web Literacy
https://mediaspecialistsguide.blogspot.com/2011/06/abcs-of-web-literacy.html
A Field Guide To Fake News and Other Information Disorders
https://firstdraftnews.com/field-guide-fakenews-infodisorders/
Anti-Virus, AntiHoax, AntiMyth, AntiFraud, AntiChain Letter and Anti-Spam Resources and Sites 2021
https://www.zillman.us/subject-tracers/internet-hoaxes/
Assembler – Analyzes Images Using Detectors – Technology Trained to Identify Specific Types of Manipulation – and Evaluates If and Where Images May Have Been Altered
https://projectassembler.org/
Codes of Ethics Online
https://ethics.iit.edu/codes/Code%20of%20Ethics%202007-9.pdf
Competitive Intelligence – A Selective Resource Guide – Updated May 2021
https://www.llrx.com/archives/subject/competitive-intelligence-a-selective-resource- guide/
Confirmation Bias from the Catalogue of Bias
https://catalogofbias.org/biases/confirmation-bias/
Cornell University Digital Literacy Resource
https://guides.library.cornell.edu/libguides/home
DeepFakes and Cheap Fakes
https://datasociety.net/library/deepfakes-and-cheap-fakes
Deepfakes and Disinformation: Exploring the Impact of Synthetic Political Video on Deception, Uncertainty and Trust in News
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2056305120903408
#DigitalDeceit – The Technologies Behind Precision Propaganda on the Inter
https://www.newamerica.org/public-interest-technology/policy-papers/digitaldeceit/
Digital Sherlocks
https://www.digitalsherlocks.org/
Disinformation – Confronting the Threat of Disinformation
https://jigsaw.google.com
Equator Network – Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research
https://www.equator-network.org/
Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence
https://cyber.harvard.edu/research/ai
EthicsWeb – Ethics Resources on the World Wide Web
https://www.ethicsweb.ca/
Evaluating Information Found on the Web
https://guides.library.jhu.edu/content.php?pid=198142&sid=1657518
Evaluating Internet Health Information: A Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/webeval/webeval.html
Evaluating Quality
https://www.walthowe.com/navnet/quality.html
Evaluating Quality on the Net
https://hopetillman.com/hopewp/findqual/
Evaluating Resources
https://guides.lib.berkeley.edu/evaluating-resources
Evaluating Web Pages: Techniques to Apply and Questions to Ask
https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/Evaluate.html
FactCheck.org – Holding Politicians Accountable – nonpartisan, nonprofit “consumer advocate” for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics.
https://www.factcheck.org/
FactCheckers.us – Information Quality Resources 2022
https://www.FactCheckers.us/</a
Fake News – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_news
Fakey Game
https://fakey.iuni.iu.edu/
Full Fact – UK’s Independent Fact Checking Charity
https://fullfact.org/
Getting It Right: Verifying Sources on the Web
https://www.llrx.com/2002/03/features-getting-it-right-verifying-sources-on-the-net/
Global Information Quality Series
https://it.ojp.gov/iq_resources#GLOBAL_INFORMATION_QUALITY_SERIES_
GLTR: Statistical Detection and Visualization of Generated Text
https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04043
GTAMS Analyzer – Qualitative Research Software for the Free World
https://tamsys.sourceforge.net/gtams/
Hoaxy® – Visualize the Spread of Claims and Fact Checking
https://hoaxy.iuni.iu.edu/
How “News Literacy” Gets the Web Wrong by Mike Caulfieldlo
https://hapgood.us/2017/03/04/how-news-literacy-gets-the-web-wrong/
How to Be a Better Web Searcher: Secrets from Google Scientists https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/how-to-be-a-better-web-searcher-secrets-from-google-scientists/
How to Combat Fake News and Disinformation
https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-to-combat-fake-news-and-disinformation/
How To Protect Yourself Online From Misinformation Right Now
https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/06/02/1002505/black-lives-matter-protest-misinformation-advice
How to Read a Paper by David R. Cheriton
https://blizzard.cs.uwaterloo.ca/keshav/home/Papers/data/07/paper-reading.pdf
How to Teach Information Literacy in an Era of Lies by David Gooblar
https://www.chronicle.com/article/How-to-Teach-Information/243973
Information Quality Assessment for Blogs and Podcast (the information presented is applicable to any subject/topic not necessarily medical education)
https://thewinnower.com/papers/2641-the-quality-checklists-for-medical-education- blogs-and-podcasts
Information Quality: The Potential of Data and Analysis to Generate Knowledge
https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118874447.html
Information Quality – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_quality
Information Quality Resources Sites
https://www.bettycjung.net/Goodinfo.htm
Information Quality WWW Virtual Library
https://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-InfoQuality.html
International Journal of Information Quality
https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijiq
Internews
https://www.internews.org/ – Independent media in 100 countries
Is This True? – A Fake News Database
https://www.politico.com/interactives/2018/is-this-true/
IT Central Station – Unbiased Reviews from the Tech Community
https://www.itcentralstation.com/
Journalism, Fake News and Disinformation – Handbook for Journalism Education and Training
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265552
Kathy Schrock’s Guide – Critical Evaluation of Information
https://www.schrockguide.net/critical-evaluation.html
Lateral Reading: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3048994
Lead Stories – Innovative Fact Checking and Debunking Website
https://leadstories.com/
Lumen – Cease and Desist Letters Concerning Online Content
https://www.lumendatabase.org/
Media Bias / Fact Check – The Most Comprehensive Media Bias Resource
https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/
Media Manipulation and Disinformation
https://datasociety.net/research/media-manipulation/
Misinformation Overload
https://www.llrx.com/2018/04/misinformation-overload/
NewsGuard – Restoring Trust & Accountability – The Internet Trust Tool
https://www.newsguardtech.com/
News Integrity Initiative
https://www.journalism.cuny.edu/centers/tow-knight-center-entrepreneurial- journalism/news-integrity-initiative/
Our.News – Pushing Back On Misinformation – mobile browser extension
https://our.news/
Paper – False Information on Web and Social Media: A Survey
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08559.pdf
Peer-Reviewed Instructional Materials Online Database (PRIMO)
https://primodb.org/
Perspective – Using Machine Learning to Reduce Toxicity Online
https://www.perspectiveapi.com/
Plagiarism Checker
https://www.grammarly.com/plagiarism-checker
Plagiarism Checker Free
https://www.plagiarismcheckerfree.com/
Polygraph.info
https://www.polygraph.info/ – produced by Voice of America
Principles of Evaluating Websites by Stephen Downes
https://www.downes.ca/post/4
Quality Checklists for Medical Education Blogs and Podcasts https://thewinnower.com/papers/2641-the-quality-checklists-for-medical-education- blogs-and-podcasts‘
Quality Information Determination 2018 – Resources and Tools – January 2018 Zillman Column
https://columns.virtualprivatelibrary.net/Info_Quality_Determ_Jan18_Column.pdf
Quality Information Framework (QIF)
https://qifstandards.org/
Quality Resources
https://asq.org/quality-resources
QueText – Plagiarism Checker and Citation Assistant
https://www.quetext.com/
Rated False: Here’s the Most Interesting New Research On Fake News and Fact Checking
https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/01/rated-false-heres-the-most-interesting-new-research-on-fake-news-and-fact-checking/
Retraction Watch Database
https://retractiondatabase.org/RetractionSearch.aspx
Sense About Science – Promoting Good Science and Evidence for the Public
https://www.senseaboutscience.org/
Snopes – Internet’s Definitive Fact-Checking Resource
https://www.snopes.com/
S.O.S. for Information Literacy
https://www.informationliteracy.org/
Student’s Internet Research Guide – Separating Fact Vs. Fiction
https://www.allconnect.com/blog/internet-research-guide/
Ten C’s For Evaluating Internet Sources
https://www.datarecoverylabs.com/evaluating-internet-resources.html
The Business of Disinformation by Judit Szakacs
https://www.eurozine.com/the-business-of-disinformation/
The Ethical Journalism Network
https://ethicaljournalismnetwork.org/
The Importance of Primary and Secondary Sources
https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2013/01/alligators-and-academia.html
These 6 Tips Will Help You Spot Misinformation Online
https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2021/these-6-tips-will-help-you-spot-misinformation-online/
The Social Lives of Generative Adversarial Networks https://castelle.org/pdfs/Castelle%202020-The%20Social%20Lives%20of%20Generative%20Networks-Full%20Preprint-20200129.pdf
The Ten Best Fact Checking Sites
https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/2016/07/20/the-10-best-fact-checking-sites/
The Trust Project – News with Integrity
https://thetrustproject.org/
The Verification Handbook for Investigative Reporting
https://verificationhandbook.com/book2/
The Web Credibility Project: Guidelines – Stanford University
https://credibility.stanford.edu/guidelines/index.html
T Is For Thinking – The ICYouSee Guide to Critical Thinking About What You See On the Web
https://www.icyousee.org/think/think.html
Trusting News – RJU Research Project
https://www.rjionline.org/stories/series/trusting-news
Truth or Fiction – Seeking Truth and Exposing Fiction Since 1999
https://www.truthorfiction.com/
You Think You Want Media Literacy … Do You? By Danah Boyd
https://points.datasociety.net/you-think-you-want-media-literacy-do-you-7cad6af18ec2
Understanding Health Research – A Tool for Making Sense of Health Studies
https://www.understandinghealthresearch.org/
Usable Web
https://usableweb.com/
Verification Handbook – A Definitive Guide To Verifying Digital Content For Emergency Coverage
https://verificationhandbook.com/
Viewing Results and Evaluating Quality
https://webliminal.com/search/search-web12.html
Weft QDA – Free Open Source Tool for Qualitative Data Analysis
https://www.pressure.to/qda/
Where Do Students Learn About Fake News? In Freshman Comp by Ellen Wayland-Smith
https://www.chronicle.com/article/Commentary-Where-Do-Students/239266
WT Social
https://wt.social/